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Foundational · 2009

Conditions for intuitive expertise: A failure to disagree

Daniel Kahneman, Gary Klein

Key finding

A skeptic of intuition (heuristics-and-biases) and a champion of it (naturalistic decision making) agree that intuitive judgments can be trusted only when the environment is regular enough to be learnable and the person has had lots of practice with rapid, clear feedback.

Why it matters

Specifies the conditions under which 'trained instincts' for spotting social engineering can be built: frequent, realistic exposure with fast feedback.

Informs Cite
Kahneman, D., & Klein, G. (2009). Conditions for intuitive expertise: A failure to disagree. American Psychologist, 64(6), 515-526. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016755